Fundamental and applied aspects of plasma electronics and new methods
of charged particle acceleration, development of beam and beam-plasma
technologies. Physics of charged beam-plasma interaction.
Design and construction of super-high pulsed, quasi-continuous sources
of regular and irregular electromagnetic radiation.
Construction of high-current accelerators of electrons and ions for the
use in beam-controlled fusion and applied economic problems.
Fundamental problems of the diffraction theory, integral equations of
electrodynamics and interaction of electromagnetic waves with
non-stationary media.
Study of interaction of intense flows of charged particles, regular and
stochastic electromagnetic and ionizing radiation with material media and
medical-biological objects.
Research of physical properties of nonequilibrum plasma-chemical
reactors, isotope separators for ecologically clean technologies.
Development of physics of heavy charged particle accelerators.
Designing of a linear collective con-tinuous accelerator for
electronuclear production of energy and transmutation of radioactive
wastes.
Research of processes of heat exchange and stimulated desorption in
cryovacuum systems.
Basic results of recent years
Devised is the theory of
nonrelativistic and relativistic plasma electronics, i.e., the
distinctly formed domain of plasma physics related to fundamental
properties of plasma, oscillatory and wave processes in it,
diverse instabilities, stochasticity and turbulence of plasma,
important applications.
New types of slowing structures
are offered and investigated. They combine the advantages of
traditional vacuum systems and plasma systems, being the
structures with plasma filling of the transit channel (hybrid
systems). This has made possible new-type beam-plasma generators
and amplifiers of both regular and broadband stochastic
oscillations of continuous- and quasicontinuous-wave mode
(metric- to centimeter- wave bands). Stochastic radiation powers
up to tens of kilowatts in a continuous-wave mode and higher than
100 kW in a pulse mode with high electronic efficiency (up to 50%)
are obtained.
The effect of plasma filling on
the spectral characteristics of radiation is investigated both by
the theory and experiment.
A device of relativistic
microwave electronics - virtod is designed and constructed,
allowing a wide-range control of the parameters of high-power
microwave radiation of ultra-short pulse duration (USPD) with a
160-600 MW pulse power in the operating-frequency range between 3
and 10 GHz.
Pulsed high-current relativistic
electron accelerators gave rise to a number of superhigh-power
(up to 109 W) wide-band microwave oscillators
(relativistic carsinotrons, magnetrons, vircators, ubitrons).
It has been confirmed
experimentally that intense waves can be excited in a plasma and
combined plasma waveguides by high-current relativistic electron
beams (power above 600 MW is attained).
Experiments are performed to
investigate effects of coherent electron beam-plasma interaction
in a delayed-feedback traveling-wave oscillator.
Induced coherent scattering of
plasma waves by a relativistic electron beam is considered. This
consideration has resulted in designing a free-electron laser
with a plasma wiggler (undulator), where electromagnetic or
electrostatic waves generated in plasma serve the purpose.
Fundamental theoretical and experimental
investigations of a new source of a X-ray beam are per-formed.
The source is based on parametric X-ray radiation from
relativistic charged particles moving through a crystal.
Investigative techniques are
first offered and realized to study quantitative relationships
between the characteristics of elementary effects of spontaneous
moving-charge emission and the parameters of corresponding
quantitative radiation instabilities of intense flows of the
mentioned charges. This method has been efficient in identifying
the mechanisms of a number of such instabilities.
Upgraded proton accelerator with a
high-frequency quadrupole focusing "URAL-5" on an energy 5 лeV
and current 30 Лю is in constant operation. The accelerator is
applied in researches on new methods of acceleration and
development of new methods of a plasma focusing of charged
particles.
THE PROTON ACCELERATOR "URAL-5"
Analytical criteria of dynamic
chaos development in wave-particle and wave-wave interactions
are elaborated. On the basis of these criteria new mechanisms of
excitation of stochastic oscillations and direct fast heating of
plasma by laser fields are proposed.
A linear plasma inductive
accelerator of electrons and ions is devised and constructed for
controlled-fusion studies with heavy ion beams and for
investigating the influence of high-current ion beams on
condensed media.
Small-sized high-current accelerators of
electrons and ions with inductive storage and plasma opening
switches with a current of a beam up to 150 kю are developed.
Researches on collective acceleration of ions
by an electron beam with energy up to 1 MeV, current up to 15
kA and pulse duration about 20 ns are performed. A beam of
carbon ions with energy of 20-40 MeV, current 10-20 A and pulse
duration of 10-20 ns is obtained. Acceleration times and
lengths are determined. Acceleration rate about 2.5-3.5 MV/m is
achieved.
The physical concept is based and equipment
design is developed for two-beam electron-ion accel-erator
based on anormalous and normal Doppler effects to accelerate
intense ion beams.
Theoretical and experimental research and
2,5-dimensional numerical simulation are performed for
wakefield excitation in a plasma by a single bunch and a
periodic sequence of relativistic electron bunches.
Mechanisms of stochastic plasma action on
both the ionospheric plasma of the Earth and the outer space
are investigated. High efficiency of the effect is demonstrated
for plasma parameters modifica-tion with the aims of creating
artificial ionized formations, ozone reproduction in upper
atmosphere, formation of waveguiding channels to transport
energy between space vehicles and for superdistant
radiocommunication, monitoring and investigation of ionosphere
physics.
New method is elaborated to solve diffraction
problems on the basis of integral equations of macro-scopic
electrodynamics.
A new types of linear small-sized
accelerators of protons, deuterons and alpha-particles on the
basis of H-resonators with a modified alternating-phase
focusing are offered and practically realized.
The engineering project of a large material
engineer linear accelerator of protons (energy of protons 100
MeV, pulse current 100 Лю) is developed, the systems
HF-sources, cooling and exact thermo-static control, vacuum
system of it initial part on 22,5 MeV are created.
Reconstruction of the linear multiply-charged
ion accelerator LUMZI-10 is completed. Resource-saving
technologies of manufacturing track (nuclear) membranes are
improved for ultra- and micro-filtration of gaseous and liquid
substances.
THE SMALL-SIZED LINEAR ACCELERATOR OF DEUTERONS
Proposals are worked out to implement the
optimum scheme of electronucllear waste, the new type of the
high-power linear proton accelerator on high energies of a
continuous op-eration is proposed.
New methods of separating isotopes of
different chemical elements are devised and investigated.
A unique complex of test beds is devised and experiments are
made to investigate the effects of in-tense microwave-radiation
fields and the electromagnetic ultrashort pulse on various
physical objects - materials, radioelectronic equipment,
medical-biological environments and crops.
A new type of economic low-temperature
plasma-chemical reactor to produce various chemical substances
was developed. Unique highly effective reactors of ozone
synthesis on atmospheric pressure glow discharge (productivity
from 1 to 300 gO3/hour) were created. The investigations of new
"green" ozone technologies for agriculture (increase of
harvesting of seeds at 10-15 %), food-processing industry,
medicine, systems of drinking water treatment are carried out.
THE SMALL-SIZED OZONIZER FOR AIR TREATMENT
The equipment for electroinfluence of
oil-products was created. A high temperature dependence of
conductivity from temperature in a certain temperature range
was founded.
For fusion reactors and installations, using
cryopumping, the thechnology of fast regeneration of
cryuopumps, both as condensationic- and cryosorbtion ones, with
using of electromagnetic and cor-puscular radiations was
created.
A special neon cryopumping system for vacuum
technologies with great heat-mass release is created.
The equipment and technology of volume - surface modifications
of materials with influence of electron - plasma pulses in the
substance were created.
The technology of a polishing of monocrystals
surfaces without violation of a crystalline structure of an
surface layer is developed.
