Contents of the
Paton
Welding
Journal
no.3, 2001
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Page
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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
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KRIVTSUN I.V.
MODEL OF EVAPORATION OF METAL IN ARC, LASER AND LASER-ARC WELDING
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2
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The model of multicomponent plasma formed near the metal surface
in gas-shielded arc, laser and laser-arc welding is suggested.
The model is based on the system of balance relationships for
flows of heavy particles, their momentum and energy in the
Knudsen layer near the surface of metal evaporating into the
plasma of external gas. Expressions derived for density of
electron and ion currents flowing to the metal surface and for
distribution of potential in the multicomponent near-surface
plasma (arc, laser or combined) are given.
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EROSHENKO L.E., PRILUTSKY V.P., BELOUS V.Yu. and ZAMKOV V.N.
AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE IN ARC IN GTA WELDING OF TITANIUM
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10
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The spectral method was used to investigate the real GTA welding
arc burning between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and a
consumable titanium and non-consumable copper water-cooled
anodes. Experimental data were obtained on distribution of
temperature in the arc column along the arc radius near the
anode. It is shown that axial distribution of temperature in the
arc column depends upon the state of the anode. In a region
adjoining the anode the arc temperature is higher in the vicinity
of the consumable anode.
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LOZOVSKAYA A.V., CHAJKA A.A., BONDAREV A.A., POKLYATSKY A.G. and BONDAREV Andr.A.
SOFTENING OF HIGH-STRENGTH ALUMINIUM ALLOYS IN DIFFERENT FUSION WELDING PROCESSES
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13
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Base metal softening in the HAZ in EBW and argon-arc welding
(AAW) of work- and heat-hardened aluminium alloys (AMg6, 1420,
1201, 1460) was studied. It is found that in EBW the extent of
the softening zone is 4-5 times smaller than in AAW. After
artificial ageing the greatest hardness of the HAZ metal is
observed in alloy 1420 and the lowest- in alloy 1201.
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SHONIN V.A. and POKLYATSKY A.G.
LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE OF WELDED BUTT JOINTS MADE FROM ALLOY AMg6 IN INERT ATMOSPHERE
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18
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Results of experimental investigations of a low-cycle fatigue
resistance of butt joints made from 6 mm thick AMg6 alloy at
axial from-zero loading depending on the geometry of weld
convexity, stipulated by the TIG and MIG welding methods, are
presented. The feasibility of evaluation of fatigue limit of butt
joints by parameter of the convexity height-weld width ratio
which has a good correlation with an estimated stress
concentration factor at the weld boundaries is proved.
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LEVCHENKO O.G.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AEROSOL GASEOUS CONSTITUENT IN A SHIELDED-GAS WELDING
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23
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It was established that a carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are
the main components of a gaseous constituent of the welding
aerosol in mechanized solid wire welding in CO2, in Ar + CO2 and
Ar + CO2 + O2 mixtures. The reduction in oxidizing ability of the
shielding gas leads to the decrease in intensity of evolution of
carbon monoxide and increase in nitrogen oxides. Introducing of
oxygen to the shielding mixture composition reduces the evolution
of the carbon monoxide at the expense of its oxidizing and
increases the intensity of formation of the nitrogen oxides. The
mechanisms of formation of gaseous components of the welding
aerosol and relations between the intensity of their evolution
and welding conditions are explained.
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INDUSTRIAL
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GORBACH V.D. and GOLOVCHENKO V.S.
STAGES OF IMPROVEMENT OF SUBMERGED-ARC WELDING TECHNOLOGY IN SHIPBUILDING (REVIEW)
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27
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The paper presents the results of development and introduction of
the technology of SAW of steels and structures used for ship
hulls, that enabled construction of modern ships with a high
quality and effectiveness.
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KOZUBENKO I.D., KHASKIN V.Yu. and CHERNIENKO V.D.
TECHNOLOGY OF LASER SURFACING AND TREATMENT OF COMPONENTS OF ROLLING STOCK WHEELSETS
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33
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The importance of solving the problems of strengthening of roll
surfaces of wheels is shown. Drawbacks of traditional repair
technologies intended for reconditioning of necks of axles of
railway car wheelsets are considered. The use of laser surfacing
and heat treatment is suggested. Example of
experimental-commercial implementation of recommended laser
technologies in the Irkutsk-"Sorting" car depot (ESRR, Russia) is
described.
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POKLYATSKY A.G.
PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF MACROINCLUSIONS OF
OXIDE FILM IN WELD METAL OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS (REVIEW)
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36
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The effect of quality of manufacture and preparation of materials
to be welded and a filler wire and also conditions of assembly
and welding of joints on the appearance of macroinclusions of an
oxide film in the weld metal during welding advanced aluminium
alloys is considered. The regularities of formation and location
of defects in weld section depending on the causes of their
initiation are described. The conditions which contribute to the
oxidizing processes and reduce the effectiveness of the cathode
destroying of the oxide film in the zone of welding are analyzed.
Peculiarities of formation of thread-like longitudinal inclusions
of oxide film in the weld central part during welding
Li-containing alloys are defined.
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MEDVEDEV S.V. and KUNKEVICH D.P.
EXPERIENCE OF EFFECTIVE COMPUTERIZED DESIGN OF ASSEMBLY-WELDING JIGS
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39
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Structure and functional capabilities of INSVAR system of CAD of
assembly-welding jigs are considered. Examples are given of jigs
designed by computerized methods for fitting agricultural
machinery with welded structures. Multivariant design allowed the
quality of engineering solutions of the jigs to be improved, and
the labour consumption in their construction to be reduced almost
two times.
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ZARUBA I.I., ANDREEV V.V. and DYMENKO V.V.
IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSFORMERS FOR MANUAL ARC WELDING
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43
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The advantages of thyristor control of welding transformers are
considered. It is demonstrated that pulse stabilization of arcing
in a thyristor-controlled transformer greatly expands its
welding-technological capabilities and applications. A
transformer of this type developed in PWI provides a smooth
adjustment of the operational mode, "hot" and "cold" start,
welding current modulation with an adjustable frequency. It can
be used in AC and DC electrode welding.
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BRIEF INFORMATION
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PETUSHKOV V.G. and TITOV V.A.
RESIDUAL STRESSES IN EXPLOSION TREATED WELDED JOINTS
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47
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General principles of formation of residual stresses and strains
in welded joints as a result of their local explosion treatment
are considered in terms of the elasto-plastic theory.
Recommendations on optimization of explosion loading parameters
are given. It is shown that results of the treatment do not
depend upon the presence and value of initial residual stresses
in weld metal.
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EFIMENKO N.G. and KALIN N.A.
EFFECT OF Fe-C ALLOY IN COATING OF ILMENITE ELECTRODES ON REDUCTION PROCESSES DURING WELDING
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51
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Calculation formulae are suggested and the amount of silicon,
titanium and aluminium being reduced from a slag in deoxidizing
of ilmenite type electrodes with Fe-C alloy is defined. It is
shown that TiO2 can serve an additional oxidizer of carbon in
parallel with Fe-O. The use of alloy Fe-C in ilmenite type
electrodes does not lead to a significant increase in content of
silicon and aluminium in the deposited metal.
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