DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY of CERAMICS and GLASS

The department manager - laureate of the State Premiums of Ukraine, academician of the Academy of engineering sciences of Ukraine, honored worker of a science and technique of Ukraine, academician of the New York academy deserved professor of National technical university of Ukraine "Kyiv polytechnic institute", doctor of engineering science, author more than 300 scientific works and patents, Aleksej A. Krupa, (ph. 241-76-14).

Major directions of scientific activity of the department manager .

Examination of physics and chemistry of a surface of naturals silicates; modification of a surface by organosilicone substances for a purpose of collimating of hydrophobic properties; working of methods and modern productions technology of high performance materials on the basis of hydrophobic expanded perlite: sorbents, heat-insulating materials etc.; working of technology, methods and equipment for the solution of ecological problems, bound with liquidation of emergency overflows of petroleum

Complex examination of physicochemical processes of recycling of mineral raw materials and secondary raw resources of an industry for a purpose of deriving high-quality ceramic materials;.

Working of theoretical essential principles of maximal salvaging of technogenic materials, which one can be utillized simultaneously as raw material and combustible for the solution of problems of the savings of energy and resources in silicate technologies: a wastage of a coal mining, benefication etc.

The major scientific publications of the department manager:

Hydrophobic perlite, 1977.

Physicochemical fundamentals of deriving of expandeds materials from volcanic glasses, 1978.

Complex recycling and usage of perlites, 1988.

THE LEADING EXPERTS OF DEPARTMENT AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC DIRECTIONS

On faculty 2 doctors of sciences, professor, 8 candidates of sciences (from them 6 senior lecturers) work.

B. Kornilovich, Doctor of Chemistry, professor.

The analysis of regularity of reaction of formation a silicate and silica-alumina materials in solid, synthesis of new inorganic materials for an immobilization of radionuclides and heavy metals, working of complex technologies of clearing a radioactive contaminated waters.

V. Palejchuk, candidate of chemical sciences, senior lecturer

Working of the non-polluting productions technology of ceramic materials with usage of water-soluble industrial wastes of a chemical parentage, which one grounded on a combination of physicochemical methods of neutralization and thermal degradation, with simultaneous deriving strong, chemically stable materials

N. Plemjannikov, candidate of engineering science, senior lecturer

Theoretical and experimental researches of composite heat exchange with simultaneous by radiation and thermal conductivity in semitransparent mediums (glasses). Mathematical modelling of heat exchange processes, founded on the solution of the integro-differential equations; working of applied computer programs;

V. Gorodov, candidate of engineering science, senior lecturer

Working of new thermal and thermodynamic research techniques of processes of conduction of heat and substance, which one descended at heat treatment of silicate materials

T. Fal'kovskaja, candidate of engineering science, senior lecturer

Hyperthermal infrared spectroscopy of glasses of a wide gamma of chemical systems and practical assigning

S. Bondarenko, higher teacher

Nonconventional ceramics of art - decorative assigning.

MAJOR CIENTIFIC WORKINGS OF DEPARTMENT

A new sorbent called "Zhemchug" (Pearl) was synthesized by Pridneprovsky Main Oil Pipeline Company order. It is intended for the removal of oil spills and oil films on seas, rivers and lahes.

Its discharging with a liydrogw allows fast and effective oil waste treat?ment. There is a possibility to carry out the sorbent discharging by special vessels or by various suitable ones. After oil absorbing, the sorbent "Zhemchug" remains on the water surface that Is convenient for It to be easily removed by traditional trash-collecting vessels or some handy means. After floating oil removing, the cleaning efficiency can reach 99.9%.

Oil-containing industrial sewage water can be purified by means of the perlite sorbent "Zhemchug". The cleaning efficiency rate can reach 95%. Out of necessity, the waste sorbent is regenerated. It can recover 80-85% of its capacity as a result.

Ecologically, the sorbent "Zhemchug" is environmental friendly, in particular to flora and fauna. The waste sorbent with oil can be used as the component of the asphaltic-concrete road paving material, perlite-bitumen heat insulation products and solid fuel that loohs lihe briquettes.

The faculty has has participated in International Competition of design and to find a technological solution to the conversion of the Chornobyl Nuclear Plant UKRITYA encasement into an ecologically safe system. The offered design was noted by the express international certificate. The reliable long-term burial of radioactive waste is offered to realize in tombs, a shell which one carried out with pore-free, chemically inert and radiation - proof material. Most perspective is the glassceramic material. For his(its) deriving in qualities of the basic burden constituent there can be used utilised washery refuses of iron oxides.

The basic researches of physicochemical processes are realize, which one happen in silicate materials at all stages of their technological handling, since preparation of a raw intermixture and finishing the final operation - furnacing. Thus the opportunity of introduction in a raw intermixture of many nonconventional, alternate builders is explored, which one are a wastage of an industry or so-called technogenic yields. Among them a wastage of a coal mining and coal preparation, wastage of an ore mining, cutting compounds, leaches and drosses of thermal power stations.

Examinations from a point of view of rheology, thermodynamics, the thermal physics has shown, that the application of a wastage saves not only raw resources, but also power resources. The thermal aspects of furnacing are improved. The heat of hardening of processes a burnup of the additives optimizes a temperature profile in workpieces, the thermal gradients are diminished. It improves quality of termination products.

The additives on the basis of fluxes considerably diminish outlet temperature of furnacing, that also results in saving power resources. The results of investigation is put in a basis of development of constructions of furnaces and modes of furnacing of ceramics.

Theoretical examinations of composite heat exchange by radiation and thermal conductivity in semitransparent mediums (glasses).

Modeling of the temperature fields in glass under simultaneous radiation-conduction heat transfer conditions. Computation of the temperature fields in glass body at the stage of high-temperature synthesis in furnaces, as well as at the various stages of glass technology. Various glass-forming systems with different chemical composition as well as their spectral and thermophysical properties were investigated.

The influence of chemical composition on these properties was established. The simultaneous radiation-conduction heat transfer in semi- transparent medium (glass) was studied.

The mathematical modeling of heat transfer was realized by means of numerical solution of integro-differential equations. The modeling was performed using PC.

The physical modeling was conducted using with real glass with experimental facilities.

The physical and mathematical interpretation of the obtained results vas derived.. The developed method enables to compute the temperature fields in glass-ware at the different stag of glass manufacturing.

EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ON THE DEPARTMENT.

The departmenttraining the experts in field: " Chemical technology of high-melting non-metallic and silicate materials ". The training is making on two directions:

Chemical technology of ceramics: structural ceramics, fine ceramics (porcelain, faience), technical ceramics.

The chemical technology flown down also glass-ceramics: technical glass, household glass, glassceramic materials.

Except for blanket engineering and fundamental knowledge the students obtain express deepened knowledge of such directions:

Technology of silicate productions: ceramics, refractories, glass, glassceramic materials;

Physical chemistry of processes of synthesis of silicate materials;

Thermodynamics, thermal physics of silicate materials;

Thermal processes of silicate productions and relevant inventory;

Fundamentals of inorganic materials technology;

Fundamentals of designing;

Fundamentals of marketing and management.

After the graduation of University the graduates can work:

By the process men, designers, managers of silicate productions, and also contributors in research and development institutes.

The department making admission of an entrant in quantities 60 persons (20 - glass, 40 - ceramics) every year.

There are three-level training of the specialist: the bachelors (4 years), master of engineering (5,5 years), masters of science (6 of years). The basic contingent of the graduates - experts.

The education ends by surrender of a graduation examination (opening-up of the bachelors), protection of the degree design of a factory or scientific operation (blanket engineering); by protection of scientific operation (magistrates).

Opportunities of the department

The departmenthas high scientific potential and laboratory facilities. The available labware allows: to realize synthesis of ceramics and glasses, to explore properties of these materials, to spend the basic types of the physicochemical analysis (thermogravimetry, thermodilatometry, viscosimetry); to explore mechanical, electrophysical, optical and other properties; a chemical stability; to explore thermal properties.

Scientific directions:

Realization of research works of a wide profile, bound with the solution of problems of the savings of raw material and energy, and also ecology: salvages and builders of a technogenic parentage, usage of alternate not scarce raw materials.

Realization of operations, bound with optimization of technology ceramic and glass-making: (formula, thermal modes of heat treatment of workpieces at all stages of a work cycle, guidance of service properties of finished products).

Realization of design and technological development with a transitionon substantial inventory.

Realization of technological and thermal (thermal, thermodynamic, aerodynamic) calculations.

Allotment of scientific consultations.

Training of personnel of top skills through a post graduate course, preparation for doctor's degree. Informational - publishing

Writing of the monographies, textbooks, articles.

Handling of the scientific and technical information, bibliographic, patent searching.

Making of information databases (computer).

At the last year on the department the following textbooks and manuals are issued:

"Thermal processes in technology of silicates" (1985) Writers: A.Ralko, A.Krupa, N.Plemjannikov, N.Aleksenko, U.Zin'ko.

"Thermal processes and aggregates in technology of high-melting non-metallic and silicate materials" (1990) Writers: A.Ralko, A.Krupa, N.Plemjannikov.

"Chemical technology of ceramics" the Writers: A.Krupa, V.Gorodov.

"Chemistry and the thermal physics flown down" (2000), Writers: N.Plemjannikov, A.Krupa.

HISTORY OF DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF CERAMICS AND GLASS

The department of chemical technology of ceramics and glass is one of first at National technical university of Ukraine ?Kyiv polytechnic institute? (KPI). On chemical department KPI five faculties were set up, among which one there is a department "of Structural materials and mineral substances". In 1903 the first department manager became the engineer - process man Mr. K.Dement'ev. In 1905 has defended a thesis on a theme: "Scientific fundamentalses of technique of structural(building) materials " also became the professor of department, and since 1908 - rector of institute. He has written about 40 books. Most important of them - "Technology of structural materials" ¨ "Heat and factory furnaces".

The first printing on a speciality " Structural materials " was held in 1906-07 years. Among the first five diplomaed engineers most known I.Ponomarev. He became the prominentscientist known by transactionses on technology of a glass.

Among the graduates of a pre-revolutionary period is a lot of known scientific, engineers, teachers, which one have played a considerable part in development of silicate sciences and technologies.

First of all it is the produced scientist in the field of silicates on Ukraine, the name which one is inseparably linked with department - B.Lysyn. He in 1903 has entered KPI. In 1909 à. Has protected the degree design of a porcelain factory and degree operation on a theme: "Glaze for a brick from clays of Kiev". Due to prominent abilities was abandoned on department.

Even during study B.Lysyn took partin a spelling of the textbooks on technology of structural materials and factory furnaces. Beginning from 1910 he already publish personalscientific works. Many from them become the first domestic fundamental transactionses in the field of silicate sciences.

In 1921 the department "Technologies of structural materials and mineral substances" was parted on two faculties. One of them became department " Technologies of silicates ". Headed this department since 1921 for 1956 B.Lysyn. Under his guiding many factories of Ukraine on production of ceramics and glass were reconstructed. He headed a commission on study of mineral raw materials of Ukraine, has realized scientific systematization of deposits of clays, in particular of kaolins. His personal scientific hobby is a fine ceramics: porcelain and faience. He posesses such fundamental transactionses: "Materials on study of kaolins of Ukraine", "Kaolin Gluhovetsky", "Production of porcelain and faience". In 1936 B.Lysyn has received a scientific degree of the doctor of engineering science and scientific rank of the professor. In 1939 B.Lysyn has been elected by the academician of an Academy of sciences of Ukraine, and in 1940 became full member of Academy of Architecture of Ukraine. B.Lysyn has publish more than 150 scientific work, has brought up more than 30 doctors and candidates of sciences. The scientific activity was marked the state awards and premiums.

Among the graduates of department of a pre-revolutionary period there is great number prominent scientists, for example I.Kitajgorodsky (1910). Afterwards he became the first specialist in a domestic science about glass.

Among the known graduates of department of an initial Soviet period first of all it is necessary to call the professor I.Bulavin (1925). The basic fields of his scientific activity is a physical chemistry and technology of fine ceramics, and also processes and kettles of a silicate industry.

In 1926 has completed department E.Galabutskaja. On department she worked till 1947, then was transfered in the Lvov polytechnic institute, where became the professor and managing department of technology of silicates. She is known due to a complex of work on problems of upgrading of kaolins and on streamlining a porcelain and faience industry.

Among the known graduates of department it prewar period it is possible to: Slobodjannik (1926), - professor and department manager of the Kiev construction institute, Galinker(1927), - professor of the Kharkov institute of chemical technology, Pilipenko (1939), - professor department manager of the Kiev institute of a light industry, Ralko (1932), - professor department manager of chemical technology of silicates KPI.

Since 1929 in the methodology of training specialists in the field of silicates, three reference directions or specializations were planned: ceramics, glass and cementing materials. Such structure of training was maintained and further.

The second world war has suspended activity of department, but she was renewed at once after clearing Kiev in 1943. Its staff replenishes with the new cadres, the majority of which one in past were the graduates, of native department. On department begin to work two teachers, the activity appreciably has modified which one a scientific direction of department for the subsequent years. It A.Ralko, graduate of department of 1932 and V.Rodnikova, graduate of 1937.

The technology of silicates grounded on hyperthermal thermal action on a raw intermixture of different inorganic materials. The basic technological aggregate are furnaces of manifold constructions. In silicate systems there are composite processes of mass transfer and heat exchange. Their degree of perfection appreciably influences quality of termination products. Therefore in scientific research of department the problems and aspects of a heat transfer, thermal physics and thermodynamics have appeared. Headed this direction are A.Ralko. In 1963 he has defended thesis for a Doctor?s degree. The professor A.Ralko has grounded a recent trend in examination of composite multiphase silicate systems, in which one have received further development of idea of the Dutch school scientific in the field of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. He is the author of new original methods of a thermal analysis, which one allow to spend complex examinations of coefficients warmly and mass transfer of multicomponent silicate systems. A.Ralkohas received and systematized numerous datas on the thermodynamic performances of clays of different deposits of Ukraine. A.Ralko in 1964 - 1981 headed department of chemical technology of silicates.

40 years worked on department V.Rodnikova. She has made the personal weighable contribution to a world science about glass, or is exacter, in her thermal aspect. She was one of the first scientists in the world, who has put forward a hypothesis about an opportunity of conduction of heat in glass dueto an infrared rays and practically it has demonstrated in the candidate thesis (1945). Agrees with her sights, the heat exchange in glass happens due to two mechanisms: radiations and thermal conductivities. The glass is considered as semitransparent for a thermal radiation medium. On department begin to be spent systematic investigation of heat exchange in glass and thermal properties of glasses. The new methods of calculations of heat exchange in glass and temperature profiles are designed. There is a new scientific school. The department participates in realization of accountable theoretical and experimental work, for example, development modes of heat treatment most major on that time in the world of an workpiece from a glass - six--m glass disk for a major azimuth telescope - refractor.

After a leaving in 1956 of the academician B.Lysyn on pension, the department is headed by the professor A.Alent'ev. Since 1964 the guiding transfers to the mentioned above professor A.Ralko. With his arrival the pedagogical and scientific activity is made active. The contingent of the students is incremented. The volumes of scientific subjects are incremented, which one is guided primarily on optimization of thermal treatment schedules of workpieces from ceramics and glass.

In 1969 the department of technology of silicates was parted on two faculties: "of Chemical technology of ceramics and glass", which one prolonged to head the professor A.Ralko, and "of Chemical technology of cementitious matters", which one was headed by the professor A.Pashchenko.

The scientific - pedagogical activity of department of chemical technology of ceramics and glass during three last decades is inseparably linked with a name of the professor A.Krupa, which one in 1965 has concluded the Kiev polytechnic institute. Since 1972 he works on a post of the senior lecturer, and since 1981 - department manager of chemical technology of ceramics and glass. In 1980 has defend a thesis on Doctor?s degree, in 1982 has received ranks of the professor.