Water pollution: Student research resources: Information about w

You are here: Home page [index.html] > Education > Finding out about water pollution Home page | About us | Network | Campaigns | News | Education | Contact us Finding out about water pollution The world's oceans and rivers have never been under more pressure from pollution. This handy list of information sources points you to books, articles, and websites that tell you what the problems are, how they're caused, and how we can attempt to solve them. There are thousands of web pages about pollution and this is not a complete list. But it'll give you a good start in finding out about most of the issues involved. Last updated: November 2, 2006. Contents: What you can find on this page Websites Cool stuff for schools! Government agencies and international organizations Institutions, campaign groups, NGOs, etc. Sewage and wastewater Beaches Endocrine disruption Toxic chemicals and pesticides Introduced (non-native) organisms Farming, fertilization, nutrient addition, harmful algal blooms Oil pollution and slicks Decommissioning of oil platforms and structures Radioactive waste Debris and dumping Atmospheric deposition (ocean pollution caused by air pollution) Indoor air pollution caused by water pollution Drinking water quality Laws and conventions Books Sources of information Articles US and world news articles from MSNBC news UK news articles from BBC News Online Can't find what you want? Google search here! Web UK Rivers Network Websites Have you read our Introduction to water pollution page? If not, you might like to start there. Want to know about air pollution? Try our companion page on Finding out about air pollution . Try these two constantly updated lists of links on water pollution: Yahoo! Society and Culture:Environment and Nature:Pollution:Water dmoz Open Directory Project: Water pollution Cool stuff for schools! A lot of the information on this page is quite detailed scientific stuff. If you're doing a project for school, you might not have time to work through all these zillions of links. We suggest you take a look at the links below - you will probably find everything you need for your project right here! Start here Introduction to water pollution - our own introduction to the subject for students of all ages. What on Earth do you know about water? : Why water is important to us on Earth. US EPA Office of Water: Kids Page Encyclopedia.com: Articles on "Pollution" Info Please article on "Water pollution Search Yahooligans! for "Water pollution" Search Fact Monster for "Water pollution" US EPA: Kids letters about marine pollution Kids Stuff: Gulf of Mexico pollution Especially for Kids : Information on oil spills from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) KESAB watercare club : Funky Australian site for children NRDC Make Waves! : How kids can protect the Earth, one ripple at a time Secrets@Sea A game produced by Engaging Science - a partnership of the Pacific Space Centre, Science World and the Vancouver Aquarium. Oceans Alive Kids for Saving Earth, Earth Saving Kids Planet ThinkQuest: Water Around Us How to Clean Up Our Water: Twelve simple ways you can help stem the tide of polluted runoff : Practical steps you can take, from the NRDC. The Water Pollution Guide : A nicely illustrated, easy-to-understand guide, especially suitable for younger readers. More advanced introductions For other kinds of information about water (e.g. groundwater, wetlands, aquifers, wastewater), look at the DMOZ/ODP site on Water Resources . (The section on Education contains about 50 websites with water education activities, interactive games, factsheets, teaching materials, and more.) Introduction to water pollution - our own introduction to the subject for students of all ages. Columbia Encyclopedia article on Pollution Wikipedia article on Pollution Columbia Encyclopedia article on Water pollution Wikipedia article on Marine Pollution Encarta: Search for articles on "Pollution" Water pollution Links and resources from About.com OceanLink Answers to Marine Pollution Questions Water pollution and society an excellent and detailed introduction to the whole subject by David Krantz and Brad Kifferstein Marine pollution : a briefing from the National Council for Science and the Environment. Scientific American Presents: Oceans: Feature Article: Exploring the Ocean Planet: August 1998 : Exploring ocean wonders with the Internet. Smithsonian Institution/NASA Ocean Planet: Oceans in peril Water quality educational materials : From University of Michigan. Water Resources Institute Library at UW-Madison - Water Information Environmental Education Link : EE-Link develops and organizes Internet resources to support, enhance and extend effective environmental education in grades K-12. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Education Resources Page Sierra Club : Environmental Education Section Government agencies and international organizations U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Homepage EPA: Office of Water EPA: Office of Water: The Quality of Our Nation's Waters EPA: Treasured Waters: Protecting our Coastal and Marine resources EPA: Oceans and Coastal Protection: Marine Pollution Control Programs EPA: Office of Wetlands,Oceans, and Watersheds EPA: Nonpoint Source Pollution U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Home Page U.S. Geological Survey Water Quality Information U.S. Department of Agricultural, Natural Resource Conservation Service Water resources U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The oceans: a U.S. perspective : by Dr James Baker US government: Marine pollution speech by T. Wirth : Remarks of the Honorable Timothy E. Wirth, Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs, to the Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment, Oceans Conference, May 25, 1995. UN Atlas of the Oceans : Go to the home page and search on "pollution" to find information, statistics, and maps on all kinds of marine-pollution topics. European (EU) Environment Commission (formerly Directorate General (DG) XI) EU focus on clean water DG XI: Water quality in the EU - Introduction UK Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs Environmental Protection: Water : lots of stuff about UK water UK Drinking Water Inspectorate : a variety of useful information about drinking water, from technical reports to leaflets for householders EMEP : The Co-Operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), English Nature Environment Agency of England and Wales Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Environmental Marine Pollution (GESAMP) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (of UNESCO) - IOC Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) World Bank World Bank: New Ideas in Pollution Regulation Home World Bank: Water Supply and Sanitation The World Bank - Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook Institutions, campaign groups, NGOs, etc. A.C.O.P.S. Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea, Sea Pollution marine enviroment American Oceans Campaign Clean Ocean Action Friends of the Earth UK Friends of the Earth US Groundwater pollution Greenpeace International : Oceans Greenpeace: Statement for the Year Of the Ocean 1998 Greenpeace USA: Oceans International Water Association International Rivers Network and European Rivers Network Marine Conservation Society National Audobon Society National Resource Defense Council: Clean water and oceans The Ocean Conservancy Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) : UK group Save our Seas Sierra Club: Conservation Policies - Marine Conservation Surfers Against Sewage Surfrider Foundation Wetlands International Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [Try a keyword search on "pollution"] World Resources Institute: Water resources and freshwater WWF Marine pages Freshwater pages Sewage and wastewater Flush Gordon's Wastewater page Surfers Against Sewage US EPA: Office of Solid Waste UK House of Commons - Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs - Second Report: Sewage treatment and disposal UK House of Commons Hansard Debates for 31 Mar 1998: Sewage treatment on the south coast US EPA: Oceans and Coastal Protection: Vessel Sewage Discharges Program American Water Works Association Clean Kills? Will Boston Harbor's Once-Rich Fisheries be Ruined by a $5 Billion Sewage Plant? E Magazine, Sep-Oct 1998 (unfortunately, you now need to subscribe to E magazine to read the full article) Closing Surf City. E Magazine, Jan-Feb 2000 : The California beaches of surfing legend are now off limits because of uncontrollable solid waste pollution. (Unfortunately, you now need to subscribe to E magazine to read the full article.) US Geological Survey Marine and Coastal Geology Program Fact sheet: Sewage Contamination of the Deep-Sea Floor Near the 106-Mile Dumpsite off New Jersey Beaches US EPA Beaches Environmental Assessment, Closure, and Health (BEACH) Watch Homepage US EPA: Frequently Asked Questions Beach Water Quality Keep America Beautiful, Inc. - Community Cleanup Marine Conservation Society UK Up, up, and away? : A leaflet about the impact of balloons (released through balloon races) on the marine enironment. Balloon releases: environmental concerns : A longer factsheet about the impact of balloons (released through balloon races) on the marine enironment. Adopt-a-beach : UK scheme from the Marine Conservation Society Our Beleaguered Beaches: Increased Pollution And Lax Water Quality Standards Lessen Summer Fun In The Sun. E Magazine, May-Jun 1999 . (Unfortunately, you now need to subscribe to E magazine to read the full article) Closing Surf City. E Magazine, Jan-Feb 2000 : The California beaches of surfing legend are now off limits because of uncontrollable solid waste pollution. (Unfortunately, you now need to subscribe to E magazine to read the full article.) Endocrine disruption US EPA: Endocrine Disruption Male fish turning female : article from the UK Guardian US Fish and Wildlife Service: Environmental Contaminants Program National Academy of Sciences: Research Needed to Reduce Scientific Uncertainty About Effects of Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment Friends of the Earth UK campaigns: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Consultation response US Geological Survey. Report on the potential for endocrine disruption in fish from streams throughout the United States Toxic chemicals and pesticides World Wildlife Fund: Global Campaign to Reduce the Use of Toxic Chemicals : lots of useful information and publications Common toxic chemicals and their effects : a comprehensive table of the worst offenders United Nations GEO-2000: Chapter Two: The State of the Environment - Global issues - Toxic chemicals and hazardous waste Pesticides in Fish and Shellfish : The dangers of eating contaminated fish explained by Environmental Defense. U.S. Geological Survey: National assessment of pesticides in the streams, rivers, and ground water of the United States US EPA: Toxics factsheets More waters test positive for drugs: Science News Online, apr. 1, 2000 : pharmaceutical contamination of lakes, streams, and groundwater Dishonorable Discharge - Toxic Pollution of America's Waters :Where are the 50 most polluted rivers or waterbodies in the U.S? Weedkillers in your water : "A variety of pesticides, legally used and applied, have found their way into our drinking water supplies — including groundwater." Information from Friends of the Earth US The Newbury Bypass Monitoring Project : Comprehensive information about a groundbreaking study of highway run-off pollution. Mercury threatens the arctic ocean from Earth Island Journal, Winter/Spring 1999. Northern Overexposure : "The top of the world--with its frigid expanses of water, ice, tundra, stunted forest, and wetlands--may look pristine, but the Arctic environment and its inhabitants contain surprisingly high levels of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and radiation." From Focus, Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 106, Number 2, February 1998. Transport Programme Overview : Understanding the transport and fate of contaminants arriving at the Arctic ocean. Study by Norwegian Ministry of Environment Dredging churns up toxic chemicals : why dredging can be harmful. Everyday Exposure to Toxic Pollutants : Scientific American: Feature Article: February 1998. This is a subscription only or pay-per-view article, but search for the title on Google and you might be lucky enough to find it for free. Dangerous Beauty: Flower Farms May Threaten Workers and the Environment. E Magazine, May-Jun 1999. (subscription required) Introduced (non-native) organisms Audubon: Stop invasives US Department of Interior Invasives Fact Sheet National Geographic Feature: Alien Invaders Environmental and Economic Costs Associated With Non-indigenous species in the United States Invasive species cost $123 billion a year - full report by David Pimentel et al Ultimate Sea Weed Loose in America: Science News Online, July 15, 2000 Water Pollution - Killer Amoeba : Pfiesteria piscicida strikes again. Black sea battles: What happened when Mnemiopsis invaded the Black Sea European Green crab reaches Oregon : news article from SCIENCE magazine, Volume 276, Number 5310, Issue of 11 Apr 1997, pp. 203-205. Farming, fertilization, nutrient addition, harmful algal blooms United Nations GEO-2000: Chapter Two: The State of the Environment - Global issues - Nitrogen loading The Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone NOAA: Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico US EPA: Nutrient enrichment links Death by Suffocation in the Gulf of Mexico" by David Malakoff, Science , Volume 281, Number 5374 Issue of 10 Jul 1998, pp. 190-192. The Harmful Algae Page : comprehensive page from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Overcoming Agricultural Water Pollution in the European Union : A detailed World Bank article from September 1996. Control of water pollution from agriculture : a detailed paper from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization NOAA Websites - Sciences - Ocean - Marine Pollution & Harmful Algal Blooms Oil pollution and slicks Especially for Kids : Information on oil spills from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ThinkQuest Oil spills : simple overview for children Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council US NOAA: Exxon Valdez Spill MSNBC news articles about long-term damage following Valdez spill: Alaska lives with an unwanted legacy The oil was everywhere Exxon Valdez still haunts Alaska EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL: Ten Years Later : Technical Background Paper for Alaska Wilderness League by Pamela A. Miller, Arctic Connections 3/99 NRDC: Oil Spills - Green Gateway : Oil spills in the San Francisco Bay area University of Wales Swansea School of Biological Sciences: Sea Empress Oil Spill: Crude oil in the sea US EPA OIL PROGRAM HOME PAGE Scientific American: Oil spills leave lasting mark, November 2002 International Maritime Organization US Coastguard: Oil spill pamphlets International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited UKOOA - United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association - Industry Issues: The Story of Oil UK Maritine and Coastguard Agency: Counter pollution and response : how UK trams are equipped to deal with oil spills and ocean pollution incidents Decommissioning of oil platforms and structures Greenpeace: Oil installations Brent Spar gets the chop : BBC News story, November 1998. Teaching and learning resource: : the Brent Spar case Drill cuttings and the decommissioning of oil and gas platforms : Dr Alastair Grant, UEA. Radioactive waste Costanza, Robert, et al. "Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans." Science , Volume 281, Number 5374 Issue of 10 Jul 1998, pp. 198-199 (Abstract only. You need a subscription for access to the full article) The Norwegian Ministry of Environment: Radioactive pollution in northern ocean areas Greenpeace: radioactive waste dumping UN Atlas of the Oceans: Ocean dumping and ship wastes . Go to the home page and search for "radioactive waste" Barrels of Radioactive Waste Rusting on Seabed : a Greenpeace story and action from 2000. Irish PM steps up Sellafield campaign : a BBC News story from 2001. "No health risk" from radioactive waste : a BBC News story from 2000. Gray lady down , Salonmag.com , 16 August 2000: pollution risks from nuclear submarines Debris and dumping Marine debris timeline : how long it takes for different items (from plastic bottles to apple cores) to decompose in the sea Plastic Debris : A project designed to assess and begin to reduce sources of plastic debris and other discarded materials in urban runoff. US EPA: Oceans and Coastal Protection: Marine Debris Ocean Conservancy: Marine Debris : includes statistics on debris for different US beaches. US EPA: Plastic Pellets in the Aquatic Environment: Sources and Recommendations, 1992 report. (This is a 108-page report and 980K PDF file that will take several minutes to download with a dial-up modem.) Cruising for trouble: stemming the tide of cruise ship pollution from Bluewater Network's Cruise Ship Campaign US Navy combats shipboard incineration and waste disposal problems Atmospheric deposition (ocean pollution caused by air pollution) Atmospheric Deposition Program: EPA's Oceans and Coastal Protection Division Acid Rain And The Aquatic Environment Lake Michigan Federation: Air Quality Chesapeake Bay: Water quality problems caused by air pollution Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution EMEP : The Co-Operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), Transport Programme Overview : Understanding the transport and fate of contaminants arriving at the Arctic ocean. Study by Norwegian Ministry of Environment Indoor air pollution caused by water pollution How dishwashers pollute the indoor air : Science News, 1999 Drinking water quality UK Drinking Water Inspectorate : a variety of useful information about drinking water, from technical reports to leaflets for householders Laws and conventions International Maritime Law Institute INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW TREATIES AND LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS (requires free registration) Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) "The London Dumping Convention" (CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION BY DUMPING OF WASTES AND OTHER MATTER, 1972) MARPOL: 1978 International Treaty on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Ships: summary and full text Protection of the seas : Summary of international conventions and agreements by North Sea Directorate. EPA: Office of Water - Clean Water Act Section 301(h) Program Oceans & Coastal Resources: A Briefing Book: Marine Pollution: Summary of international legislation covering marine pollution. US EPA: Office of Water: Federal legislation covering water pollution US EPA: Major environmental laws US NOAA: Oil Pollution Act of 1990 documents European Union legislation DG XI: Summary of European water quality directives, legislation, initiatives DG XI: Water quality in the EU - 1976 Bathing Water Directive DG XI: Water Framework Directive RAMSAR convention on wetlands : The Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, is an intergovernmental treaty which provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Australia: Marine Pollution Legislation Books Where to find information Where to find information about water in a library : from Newcastle University Library. Introductory Allaby, Michael. Water: Its Global Nature . New York: Facts on File, 1992. [Excellent, simple introduction to global importance of water.] Day, Trevor. Oceans . Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999. [Excellent overview of all aspects of oceans.] Living Earth Foundations. The Oceans: A Celebration . London: Ebury Press, 1993. Ross, David. Introduction to Oceanography . New York: HarperCollins, 1995. [Ch 16 "Marine Pollution" is a very good introduction and overview.] Stowe, Keith. Exploring Ocean Science . New York: Wiley, 1996. [See Part 9 "The Health of the Oceans".] Thurman, Harold and Alan Trujillo. Essentials of Oceanography . Upper Saddle River, NJ: 1999. [Good coverage of marine pollution in Ch11 "The Coastal Ocean".] Detailed general books on water pollution Farmer, Andrew. Managing Environmental Pollution . London/New York: Routledge, 1997. [Good chapter on marine pollution.] GESAMP (Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution) . The State of the Marine Environment . Oxford/New York: Blackwell, 1990. [Definitive survey] Wood, I.R., R.G. Bell, and D.L. Wilkinson. Ocean Disposal of Wastewater . Singapore: World Science, 1993. Chemical and biological effects of water pollution Alloway, B.J. and D.C. Ayres. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution . London/New York: Blackie/Chapman and Hall, 1997. [Good on chemical and toxiological effects of pollutants] Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring . New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1962. [Classic introduction to the threat posed by use of chemicals (mainly pesticides) on the natural environment.] Dudley, Nigel. Nitrates: The Threat to Food and Water . London: Green Point, 1990. [Simple, accessible guide to nitrate pollution from agriculture etc. and what to do about it.] Sindermann, Carl. Ocean Pollution: Effects on Living Resources and Humans . Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996. Steingraber, Sandra . Living Downstream: An ecologist looks at cancer and the environment , Virago, 1999. [Silent Spring revisited. A combination of powerful scientific evidence to support links between environmental pollution and different kinds of cancer and moving, poetic reflections on Steingraber's own battles against cancer.] Tapp, J., J. Wharfe, and S. Hunt. Toxic Impacts of Waste on the Aquatic Environment . London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1996. Welch, E.B. and T. Lindell. Ecological Effects of Wastewater: Applied Limnology and Pollutant Effects . London: E & F N Spon, 1992. Political and economic analysis Cook, Hadrian F. The Protection and Conservation of Water Resources: A British Perspective . Chichester/New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998. Man and the Maritime Environment . Edited by Stephen Fisher. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1994. Gourlay, K.A. Poisoners of the Seas , London; Zed Books, 1980. Gourlay, K.A. World of Waste , London; Zed Books, 1992. Harrison, Paul. The Third Revolution: Population, Environment, and a Sustainable World. , New York/London: Penguin Books. [See Ch14: "Sea of troubles: Polluted waters".] Independent World Commission on the Oceans. The Oceans: Our Future . Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Wilder, Robert Jay. Listening to the Sea: The Politics of Environmental Protection . Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998. [Political analysis of the problems of protecting the oceans] World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future . London/New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. [See Ch10 "Managing the Commons", Section 1. "Oceans: The Balance of Life". Also check out: Friends of the Earth UK's Publication Catalogue: Pollution Articles Borgese, Elisabeth. "The Law of the Sea." Scientific American , March 1983, Volume 248 Number 3, p. 28. [Introduction to the Convention on the Law of the Sea and the problems of signing international agreements to protect the world's oceans.] Clark, W.C. "Managing Planet Earth." Scientific American , September 1989, Volume 261 Number 3, p. 48. Costanza, Robert, et al. "Principles for Sustainable Governance of the Oceans." Science , Volume 281, Number 5374 Issue of 10 Jul 1998, pp. 198-199 Deere-Jones, Tim. "Back to the Land: The Sea-to-Land Transfer of Radioactive Pollution." The Ecologist , Vol 21 No 1, January/February 1991, p.18. [Considers effects of nuclear pollution, notably discharges from Sellafield in the Irish Sea, and their political background. Heyerdahl, Thor. "Ocean Pollution Seen from Rafts." Statement to US Senate Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere, November 8, 1971. In Oceanography: Contemporary Readings in Ocean Science , Ed. R. Gordon Pirie. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. la Riviere, J.W. Maurits. "Threats to the World's Water." Scientific American , September 1989, p.48. [A general introduction to global water water resources and the threats they face.] Macdonald, Ian. "Natural Oil Spills." Scientific American , November 1998. As much oil seeps into the Gulf of Mexico every decade from natural fissures in the seabed as was lost from the Exxon Valdez. Mitchell, John. "In the wake of the spill: ten years after the Exxon Valdez." National Geographic , March 1999. Ryan, Heather E. "[E] Conversations -- Sandra Steingraber: Living Downstream and Fighting Back", E Magazine, Nov-Dec 1999. Nadis, Stephen. "The Sub-Seabed Solution" , Atlantic Monthly , October 1996: "Far from being embraced, a promising solution to the radioactive-waste problem faces stiff opposition from the federal government, the nuclear industry, and environmental interests". Unfortunately, you now need a subscription to Atlantic Monthly to read this. Schneider, David. "Not in my back yard", Scientific American , Volume 276 Number 3, 1997, p. 20. A scientific look at using the deep ocean floor as a nuclear waste repository. Down the Drain, Scientific American , December 1996. How Russian nuclear waste if disposed of in alarming ways. Wood, Campbell "[E] Conversations -- Ted Danson: Acting for Oceans", E Magazine, Jan-Feb 1998 Scientific American: Feature Article: Enriching the Sea to Death: August 1998 Scientific American: Explore!: Costly Interlopers: February 15, 1999 [this article has now been removed from Sci Am's website, but see if you can track it down somehow] US and world news articles from MSNBC news The oil was everywhere : The indelible impression from the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill was the pervasiveness of the oil. Sadly, 10 years later, some of it is still there. Alaska lives with an unwanted legacy : The oil that flowed out of the Exxon Valdez ten years ago continues to hurt many communities around Prince William Sound. Exxon Valdez still haunts Alaska Border river is also sewage drain UK news articles from BBC News Online Take a look at our page of BBC news articles about sewage and waste-water pollution. Can't find what you want? Google search here! 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